BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS
Prepared by the Library Staff
For the convenience
Of our Wonderful Students
Encyclopedia
Article
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Title of Article.” Name of
Encyclopedia. Edition year.
Consider: Not
all encyclopedias have signed (author’s name)articles.
Not all articles in an
encyclopedia are signed.
If it is, the name will appear
at the end of the article.
If there is no author, start with the “Title of Article.”
Example
Fogarty, Gerald P. “Pius X, Saint.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2000.
CD-ROM Encyclopedia Article
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Title of Article.” Name of Encyclopedia. CD. Publisher, Edition or year.
Example
Pasachoff, Jay M. "Big Bang Theory." Encarta. CD. Microsoft, 2000.
Book: No author
Formula
Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher,
date of publication.
Example
Understanding
Psychology, Fourth Edition.
Book: One author
Formula
Last, First name of author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, date
of publication.
Example
Kent, Zachary. The Persian Gulf
War.
Book: Two authors
Formula
Last, First name of author and First
Last name of second author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication.
Example
Berra, Yogi and Ed Fitzgerald. Yogi: The Autobiography of a Professional
Baseball Player. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.
Book: Three authors
Formula
Last, First name of author, First Last
name of second author and First Last name of third author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, date
of publication.
Example
Wallace, Patricia M., Jeffrey H.
Goldstein and Peter E. Nathan. Introduction to Psychology, Second Edition.
Book: Four or more authors
Formula
Last, First name of first named author,
et al. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, date
of publication.
Example
Atkinson, Rita L., et al. Introduction to Psychology, Ninth
Edition.
Note: On the title page, the authors are listed in the
following order: Rita L. Atkinson, Richard C. Atkinson, Edward E. Smith, Ernest
R. Hilgard.
Only the first named author gets credit. Et al means “and others.”
BOOK:
Editor
Formula
Editor’s last name, first, ed. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Title of book. Ed. First, last
name. Title of book. Place of
publication: Publisher, date.
Sample
Bloom, Harold, ed. Robert Frost.
Robert Frost. Ed. Bloom, Harold.
BOOK:
One volume of a multi-volumed work
Formula:
Author last name, first. Title of the Book. Vol. #. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Example:
Parker, Hershel. Melville: A Biography. Vol. 1.
U P stands for University Press.
eBook:
unrestricted database
Formula:
Author last name, first. Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, date.
Access date <URL>.
Access date is in the DD Month YYYY
format.
Example:
Rosenfeld, Alvin H. Thinking About the Holocaust: After Half a
Century.
U P is used for University Press
eBook: restricted database
Author last name, first. Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, date. Name of Database. Publisher of database. Library supplying database, City, State. Access date <URL>.
Example:
Sendyk, Helen. The End of Days. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 2000. NetLibrary. OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Lansing Catholic Central High School, Lansing, MI. 3 Feb. 2004 <http://www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
Journal Article
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Title of article.” Name of Journal volume number (year of publication) : page numbers.
Example
Most, Andrea. “We Know We Belong to the Land.” PMLA 113 (1998) :77-88.
Magazine Article
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Title of the article.” Name of Magazine Issue date: page numbers.
Issue date is in DD Month YYYY format
Example
Gibbs,
Note: If no author is named, begin with “Title of the
article.”
Article in a
Newspaper
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Title of the article.” Name of the Newspaper [City if not
included in name of Newspaper] Issue
date:
page
number(s).
Example
Andrejevic, Mark. “Dress Code Receives Support.”
Hethcock, Bill.
“Young Criminals
Describe Hard Life in Cellblocks.”
Gazette [
Note: if there is no byline (no author named) skip that and
begin your citation with the “Title of the Article.”
SIRS Enduring
Issues
1999-
Formula
Author Last, First Mi. “Title of article.” Name of
publication, issue date, pp ##. Rpt. in Volume name Year.
Ed. Eleanor
Goldstein.
Sample
Hayden, Thomas. “The Age of Robots.” U.S. News &
World Report,
SIRS [older
volumes, pre 1999]
Formula
Author Last, First Mi. “Title of article.” Name of
publication, issue date: pp ##. Volume name. Ed. Eleanor
Goldstein. Vol. #.
Sample
Cohen, Jon. “A Shot in the Dark.” Discover, June 1996: 66-73. AIDS.
Ed. Eleanor
Goldstein. Vol. 3.
SIRS
Discoverer on the Web
Formula
Last, First name of author. "Article Title." Original Source of Article. Date of original source: page numbers. Name of the Database Used. Name of the Service. Library supplying database, City, State. Date of access <URL>.
Sample
Maddren, Gerry. "Against All Odds." Cricket Feb. 1998:21-23. SIRS DISCOVERER. SIRS Discoverer on the Web. Lansing Catholic Central High School, Lansing, MI. 09 Feb. 2004 <http://www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
Poems, Essays,
Short Stories, Plays in Anthologies
Formula
Author of poem, essay, short story, play
last, first, mi. “Title of P,E, SS, P.” Title of the Anthology. Ed. Name of Editor. Place of publication: Publisher, date. pp## [of P, E, SS,
P].
SAMPLES
Poem
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Raven.” Great American Poetry. Ed. Richard Johnson.
Essay
Johnson, Clifford. “Samuel Pepys: The Texture of Daily
Life.” The Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism: The Critical
Perspective. Vol. 4. Ed. Harold Bloom.
Short Story
Henry, O. “The Cop and the Anthem.” The Complete
Works of O. Henry. Garden City, NY :
Garden City Publishing, 1937. 37-42.
Play
O’Neill,
Government Publications
Formula
United States Department of Whatever. Title of Publication.
Sample
United States Department of Education. Schools Without Drugs.
Sometimes, it is
very difficult or impossible to determine the date of printing. In that case, you would put “ n.d." which stands for “no
date." This happens because the government does not copyright its
publications and is often disinclined to include the printing date.
GPO stands for
“Government Printing Office,” the official publisher of all government
documents.
On-line Periodicals
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine. dd Month yy: p##.
Database. Service. Service provider, City, State. Date of access. <URL>.
InfoTrac
Database: InfoTrac
Service:
Galegroup
Service
provider: Lansing
Access
date:
date you found the information in dd Month yy format
URL:
<http://www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
WilsonSelect
Database:
WilsonSelect
Service:
FirstSearch
Service
provider:
Access
date:
date you found the information in dd Month yy format
ProQuest
Database:
ProQuest
Service:
ProQuest Information
and Learning Company
Service
provider:
Access
date:
date you found the information in dd Month yy format
URL:
<http://www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
Sample
Lemonick, Michael D. “Before
SIRS Discoverer on the Web
Formula
Last, First name of author. “Article Title.” Original Source of Article.
: Date of original source: page numbers. Name of the Database Used. Name of the Service.
Library supplying database.
Location of library. Date of Access <URL>.
Example
Maddren, Gerry.
“Against All Odds.” Cricket Feb. 1998:21-23. SIRS Discoverer. SIRS Discoverer on the
Web.
Electric Library
Formula
If it is a book, bib the book.
If it is a magazine article, bib the article.
If it is a newspaper article, bib the article.
Then add:
Database: elibrary elementary
Service : ProQuest Company
Service Provider: Lansing Catholic Central High School, Lansing, MI.
Access date: date your found the information in dd Month year format
URL: <http://www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
<http://www.mel.org>
Example: Magazine Article
Kirsner, Scott. “How
Do You Spell Value?” Newsweek.
Example: Newspaper Article
Shipton,
Alyn. "A
Different Beat." Times
of London. 19
July 2000. Final edition. elibrary
elementary. ProQuest
Company. Lansing
Catholic Central High School, Lansing, MI> 23
September 2004. <http//www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
"William Alfred Fowler." American Science Leaders. ABC-CLIO Interactive, 2001. elibrary elementary. ProQuest Company. Lansing Catholic Central High School, Lansing, MI. 23 September 2004. <http://www.remc13.org/membersonly>.
An Introduction
Best seen in
examples as there is not a simple formula!
Example
An Introduction
written by someone other than the author of the book.
Threapleton, Mary M. Introduction. Jane Eyre. By Charlotte Bronte..
A Foreword
Best seen by
example
Foreword being cited
is by the author of the book:
Huxley, Aldous. Foreword. Brave new World. By Huxley.
Foreword being
cited is by someone other than the author:
Stallman, R. W. Foreword. The Red Badge of Courage. By Stephen Crane.
An Afterword
Best seen in the
examples as there is no easy formula!
Example
An Afterword written by someone other than the author of the
book.
Hill-Miller, Katherine C. Afterword. Pride and Prejudice. By Jane Austen..
A Preface
Best seen in the
examples as there is no easy formula!
Example
Preface being
cited is by the author of the book.
Dickens, Charles. Preface. David Copperfield. By Dickens.
Preface being
cited is by someone other than the author of the book.
Morley, Christopher. Preface. The Complete Sherlock Holmes. By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. nan Doyle.
Opposing Viewpoints On-line
Formula
Author of the chapter. “Title of the Chapter.” Title of the Book. Editor of book.
Place of Publication:
Publisher, year.
Service provider.
Date
of access. <URL>
Example
Bennedict, Jeff. “Sports
Culture Contributes to Domestic Violence.” Domestic
Violence. Tamara L. Roleff, ed.
How to Document Web Sources
For examples visit the MLA website.
http://www.mla.org/publications/style/style_faq/style_faq4
Formula system devised by Jean Rademacher, Librarian at
Document
was edited by Mary Hill, Mary Jo Gallagher, and Cathy Pike, chair of the
English Department.
Some
of the examples are from the MLA Handbook
for Writers of Research Papers, Fifth edition.
The
document was prepared for use by the students at
Created